From 23 March 1920 till 16 October 1922 the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic consisted of 12 governorates (regions) divided into 102 counties that included 1989 fiefs (volosts); in January 1922 they were:
| Governorate / губернія | Seat / центр | Counties / повіти | |
| 1 | Chernihiv / Чернігівська | Chernihiv / Чернігів | 12 |
| 2 | Donetsk / Донецька | Bakhmut / Бахмут | 10 |
| 3 | Katerynoslav / Катеринославська | Katerynoslav / Катеринослав | 6 |
| 4 | Kharkiv / Харківська | Kharkiv / Харків | 11 |
| 5 | Kremenchuk / Кременчуцька | Kremenchuk / Кременчук | 6 |
| 6 | Kyiv (Kiev) / Київська | Kyiv (Kiev) / Київ | 12 |
| 7 | Mykolaiv / Миколаївська | Mykolaiv / Миколаїв | 4 |
| 8 | Odesa (Odessa) / Одеська | Odesa (Odessa) / Одеса | 5 |
| 9 | Podillia / Подільська | Vinnytsia / Вінниця | 12 |
| 10 | Poltava / Полтавська | Poltava / Полтава | 11 |
| 11 | Volynia / Волинська | Zhytomyr / Житомир | 7 |
| 12 | Zaporizhzhia / Запорізька | Zaporizhzhia / Запоріжжя | 6 |
From 16 October 1922 till 12 April 1923 the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (UkrSSR) consisted of 9 governorates still divided into 102 counties; Kremenchuk, Mykolaiv, and Zaporizhzhia governorates were abolished. On 7 March 1924 the autonomous Moldavian region (oblast) was created as part of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, which on 12 October 1924 was reorganized into the Autonomous Moldavian Socialist Soviet Republic (AMSSR), still a part of the UkrSSR. On July 13, 1923 Kharkiv was officially designated as the capital of the UkrSSR, prior to that its capital de-facto was in either Kharkiv or Kyiv (Kiev) depending on where the government was holding its sessions.
